Arsip Rahasia Vatikan (Archivum Secretum Apostolicum Vaticanum) yang berada di kota Vatikan adalah pusat penyimpanan semua tindak resmi Tahta Suci. Disini tersimpan naskah kuno, surat dan publikasi yang tersimpan selama lebih dari 800 tahun.
Arsip-arsip ini juga menyimpan surat-surat kenegaraan, korespondensi, buku-buku catatan para paus, dan banyak dokumen lainnya yang telah dikumpulkan oleh Gereja selama berabad-abad. Di abad ke-17, berdasarkan perintah Paus Paulus V, Arsip Rahasia dipindahkan dari Perpustakaan Vatikan dan menjadi tempat yang tertutup rapat bagi orang-orang di luar Vatikan hingga akhir abad ke-19, yang menimbulkan berbagai desas-desus menganai apa yang disembunyikan disana. Berikut adalah beberapa barang berharga paling langka di rak buku paus.
'Secretum', Istilah ini telah digunakan sejak abad ke-15 untuk orang atau lembaga dekat dengan otoritas yang bisa dipercaya. Arsip rahasia Vatikan, 'bibiloteca secreta', adalah arsip pribadi dari Paus.
The Pax Veneta ditandatangani pada 1177, menyatakan gencatan senjata selama enam tahun antara Lombard League dan Frederick Barbarossa, Kaisar Romawi Suci. Dokumen ini adalah salinan, bantalan tanda tangan dari wakil kaisar berada di sisi kiri.
Khalifah Maroko, Abu Hafs Umar Al-Murtada menulis surat kepada Gregorius VII pada tahun 1250, ia meminta pengangkatan seorang uskup baru di Fez. Sebagaimana seharusnya, surat itu dimulai dengan doa "Dalam nama Allah Yang Maha Pengasih dan Penyayang ', yang diikuti oleh Sholawat pada Nabi Muhammad.
Tentara Perancis menahan semua pengikut sebuah kuil di Perancis pada 1307, menyiksa mereka dan memaksa pengakuan kesesatan. Clement V melakukan penyelidikan sendiri atas peristiwa tersebut pada tahun 1308 yang berujung pada sebuah pemeriksaan terhadap sang Guru kuil tersebut di Chinon.
Dokumen ini, yang hanya menampilkan detail, menyebutkan perintah pengampunan dosa kanonik. Philip the Fair of France bereaksi dengan meningkatkan serangan terhadap kuil, dan empat tahun kemudian masalah ini baru teratasi.
Setelah wabah pes menyerang di tahun 1348, pengarang Decameron, Giovanni Boccaccio menjadi lebih reflektif, dengan melakukan konversi moral, mungkin di bawah pengaruh temannya Francesco Petrarca. Sebuah keputusan untuk melaksanakan perintah yang diperlukan demi dispensasi kepausan, dikeluarkan tahun 1360, karena kelahiran haramnya
Selama 30 tahun di akhir abad ke-14 gereja barat terpecah, dengan dua paus pertama dan kemudian tiga dipilih oleh gereja yang bertentangan dengan kolese Suci. Surat kudus ini untuk komunitas Corneto ini melaporkan resolusi perjuangan, dengan pelepasan Gregorius XII, dengan penurunan takhta Yohanes XXIII dan Benediktus XIII serta pemilihan Martin V
codex ini adalah kompilasi dari materi diambil dari kumpulan dokumen disatukan oleh Rossell Nicolas kardinal yang telah ditugaskan oleh Kardinal Rodrigo Borgia. Naskah ini mungkin berasal dari paruh kedua abad ke-15, karya dua penyalin dan miniaturis yang dihiasi hampir setiap halaman.
The discrepancy between the Julian calendar and the observations of astronomy had become unbearable by 1576, when Pope Gregory XIII launched a special commission to investigate how it might be reformed. The commission adopted the proposals of Luigi Giglio, who suggested suppressing 10 days, so as to realign the dates of the astronomical and canonical equinoxes. This new calendar was adopted in 1582, with the loss of 10 days in October. The Gregorian calendar was adopted the following year in Italy, Spain and Portugal. Great Britain adopted it in 1752, Russia in 1918 The Gregorian Calendar and the Lunario Novo of 1582
The Papal Bull which condemned Martin Luther was published on 1520, and met with stiff resistance in Germany. In Leipzig the Bull was covered in mud and lacerated. At Erfurt, theology students tore it up and threw it into the river. Luther himself burned it along with the Canon Law Books at Wittenberg. Given the near-total absence of originals, the transcribed text of the Bull in the registers of Leo X shown here becomes all the more important
This letter, by the 14-year-old Lucrezia Borgia, was written to her father, Pope Alexander VI, in 1494. In it she tells of the reception she and her new husband, Giovanni Sforza, received on their arrival in the city of Pesaro, and begs her father to leave Rome
This letter from Ascanio Colonna, written in 1526 to one of his lieutenants, evokes the battles between the forces of Clement VII and the Colonna family after the sack of the Vatican in September
Clement VII received this letter from the peers of England concerning the marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon in September 1530. The pope was struck by its peremptory tone, the nobles complaining of the excessive delay in issuing an annulment and suggesting that a refusal would result in extreme measures being taken for the good of the kingdom
This sumptuous document is a letter from Clement VII on the occasion of the coronation of the Emperor Charles V in 1530. Lavish decorations are paired with a seal made of gold, rather than the usual lead
Banned by the French authorities after just three performances, Voltaire attempted to relaunch his play Mahomet ou le fanaticisme with a dedication to noble personage: Pope Benedict XIV. He declared himself an ardent admirer and requested a portrait, which he hung in his study. Writing in August 1745, he expressed his thanks, and joked that he 'implore[d] Heaven that Your Holiness might be most tardily received among those saints whose canonisations you have so laboriously and successfully investigated'.
Voltaire published the exchange of letters soon after, unleashing a storm of outrage
Pius IX launched a process to define the dogma of the immaculate conception with a letter to his bishops in 1849. Five years later, the Bull Ineffabilis Deus was published, declaring that 'the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception ... was preserved free from all stain ... a doctrine revealed by God and therefore to be believed firmly and constantly by all the faithful'
The Grand Vizir of the Ottoman Empire, Karà Mustafà, attacked Vienna with an army of 160,000 men in 1683. Appointed as head of the Christian army by the intervention of Pope Innocent XI, the King of Poland, John Sobieski, led an army of 70,000 men to the walls, and broke the siege on 11 September after eight hours of combat
After receiving a letter from Adolf Hitler, seeking an improvement of relations between Germany and the Vatican, Pope Pius XI replied in 1934, assuring him that the Holy See would continue to promote 'true peace and concord between civil and religious authorities'
The long gallery, west of the Cortile del Belvedere, holds more than 13,000m of metal shelving. The archives of the Apostolic Datary, the Vatican Information Office, the Central Commission for Sacred Arts in Italy and the Audience Sheets of the Prefecture of the Papal Household are among the documents kept here.
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